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An opportunity for regulation awaits you

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An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 11:57 #25740
maxand
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GeoffM said here
Quote:
I've sat behind signallers where, with an early running freight, the signaller has used words to the effect of "if you get your rear end in gear, I can let you go early". This is only where the signaller has some expectation that, even without the hint, the train could make it to the next regulation opportunity without affecting whatever was coming up behind.

Until I read this, the types of people I expected seeking opportunities to regulate would have included politicians, councillors, policemen and even lower forms of life such as tow truck operators and parking infringement officers, but hardly railway signalmen. What a wonderful term, I thought.

It succinctly encapsulates the notion that between controlled signals can lie grey, desolate stretches of track completely automated except, of course, for signals capable of replacement (which in my initial ignorance I thought meant obsolete).

Regulation opportunities sounded good enough to be official terminology. However, it does not occur elsewhere in this forum, nor does googling reveal it to be in common use in the signalling community.

Is there is any equivalent term used to distinguish a section of track regulated by controlled signals from another which is completely automated? If there isn't, there ought to be.

Then, I mused, why do SimSig sims bother to display completely automated signals anyway? It would make for much smoother route setting, not to mention shorter routes, if we weren't continually interrupted by automated patches, and routes became unbroken white lines from beginning to end.

Until this happens, I guess we will just have to be satisfied with serenity rather than bliss when playing SimSig.

God grant me the serenity
to accept the things I cannot change;
courage to change the things I can;
and wisdom to know the difference.

Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 12:18 by maxand
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 12:32 #25743
Peter Bennet
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Train regulations is the act of allowing a faster train can pass a slower, generally using a loop or weaving between fast and slow lines:- To regulate the flow of traffic. A few years ago I was on a Main-line Steam special that was chugging down the GW slow out of Paddington, somewhere towards Slough we got switched to the Down Fast and I thought "brilliant" going to give it some thrash. However, we were then "undertaken" by a Turbo on the Down Slow and were switched back behind it. That was regulation.

Within the f3 options there are two boxes you can tick to show the panel differently. "Show Auto Signals" will do what you suggest and "show panel signals" will show the signal aspects as on/off (R/G) only.


Peter

I identify as half man half biscuit - crumbs!
Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 12:37 by Peter Bennet
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 12:41 #25744
maxand
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Options are F3, not F2. Unchecking Show automatic signal aspects only disables the aspect; it doesn't delete the actual signal. Similarly, "Panel signals" only refers to the aspects, not the signals themselves.

Are you saying that "regulating a train" actually translates into enabling it to pass another? I assumed a "regulation opportunity" meant that the train entered an area of controlled signals, as opposed to a fully automated region of track. Silly me (again).

Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 12:46 by maxand
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 12:45 #25745
Peter Bennet
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" said:
Options are F3, not F2. Unchecking Show automatic signal aspects only disables the aspect; it doesn't delete the actual signal. Similarly, "Panel signals" only refers to the aspects, not the signals themselves.

Yes I got the wrong function number. It'll probably not surprise you to know that in most cases the position of Auto signals are marked on the panel, if not the aspect.

" said:

Are you saying that "regulating a train" actually translates into enabling it to pass another? I assumed a "regulation opportunity" meant that the train entered an area of controlled signals, as opposed to a fully automated region of track. Silly me.

Sort of- it's probably better thought of as regulating the flow, as I said


Peter

I identify as half man half biscuit - crumbs!
Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 12:49 by Peter Bennet
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 12:47 #25746
maxand
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I get you now. No escaping authenticity. Thanks Peter for the feedback.

(added) At least I learned a new term in the process - may add it to the Wiki Glossary after I see more examples. I have to say that Googling didn't turn up anything. Is "regulation" widely used in railway signalling in this context?

Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 12:56 by maxand
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 13:14 #25747
mfcooper
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Every decision I make at work is a regulating decision. The order in which a signaller runs trains over a junction is regulating. The order they run trains into/out of a terminal station is regulating. The decision to cross trains between lines or send them into loops (as per Peter's comments) is regulating. It is a term used all over the UK network.

Once upon a time, the Class of a Train (ie: the first number in the Train Description) was the order you should run trains. Now the "Passenger Performance Measure" (PPM) is used, which is a value of how late a train can be to still be regulated as if it were "on time". Example follows..

A service (2S**) from Sutton to London Victoria via Crystal Palace is running 4 minutes late, but to 'make' PPM it needs to arrive at its final destination within 5 minutes late. This means that it should be regulated by the signalmen as if it were on time, even if this would add time to other trains (even Class 1's!). So it gets to the converging junction at Balham and is sent across said junction in its booked pathway, adding a few minutes to other service, and hopefully not pushing those out of their PPM, but we don't care anymore because we have done our job(!). However, if this train was actually 5 minutes late, then it should be regulated behind other services which are within their PPM value, which can mean holding our 2S** just before Balham junction for a short time while other trains are run first. So, very quickly, a train can go from 5 minutes late to 15 minutes late whilst other "on time" trains are run.

PPM has 2 values on the UK network, to my knowledge. Long Distance and Freight trains have a 10 minute PPM value, and all other trains have a 5 minute PPM.

NB: All trains between Victoria & Brighton have a 5 minute PPM, even those that are longer-distance running as a Class 1.

PPM is reported as a % of trains that have arrived at their final destination "on time" - ie: within their PPM value. So the aim of PPM regulating is to make as many trains as possible fulfil their PPM arrival time and create a high % of trains arriving "On Time".

If a signaller make an incorrect decision, or there is an infrastructure fault, or other similar factors, then the resulting delays are attributed to Network Rail who have to pay a PPM fine to the Train Operator. If, however, the cause for a series of a delays is a Train Operator issue (Train Failures, Short Staffing), then the TOC/FOC has to pay Network Rail a PPM fine, and NR distribute this to all the other affected TOCs/FOCs. Basically, NR almost never get any money out of it, and all the people who attribute delays are NR staff (though all companies have staff who can challenge that attribution), so NR are losing even more money by paying these Delay Attributers/Delay Clerks to attribute a delay that will cost NR a fine. Madness!

Last edited: 18/12/2011 at 13:24 by mfcooper
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 18:30 #25750
kbarber
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Regulating has been a function of signalmen since very early days.

Time was (mechanical days again) when there would be many boxes without regulating facilities (loops/refuge sidings/fast-slow Xovers); they existed either to control stations or sidings or to break up longer sections & increase line capacity. At one time they were probably in the majority.

But there were many refuge sidings - normally a trailing connection off a running line, meaning a lower-priority train would have to be stopped & backed in to the siding to clear an overtaking service. Loops were easier to use - less delay getting trains in - but until the advent of motor points had to be laid between two signalboxes, so were less common. Busier routes acquired goods lines - which were often upgraded to slow lines - and sometimes even had further goods lines added - and some of the boxes along the route would have crossovers which could be used to put trains "inside" or to turn them out fast road. On some lines (London Midland Region & its predecessors in particular) the Control would have responsibility for deciding which trains should be put inside & which should be run fast road. Others left it to the signalmen. If you get a chance to read Adrian Vaughan's book "Signalman's Twilight", you'll find some excellent descriptions of the way signalmen would work together, gosipping on the "omnibus" phone throughout a shift but, in doing so, keeping in touch with how trains were running, and using that information to give trains a run that, according to the timetables, should have been put inside. On the Kings Cross main line they used the single-needle telegraph instruments for the same purpose - certain boxes put a message out on the circuit every time certain classes of train passed and, as the tinkle of the needle could be heard without needing to answer a phone, all the signalmen from London to (at least) Peterborough (it may even have been Doncaster) would know how fasts were running and where they had a potential margin for something slower.

To this day, some of the larger signalboxes aon London Underground are officially classified Regulating Rooms and the operators there as Regulators; they differ from signalmen in that they have the power to hold trains beyond booked departure time (or let them go early) in order to even out gaps in the service.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 22:44 #25758
maxand
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Thanks mfcooper and Keith for your detailed replies. I'd often wondered how signalmen collaborate like this and you've just answered my questions.

I'd like to raise two questions.

First, on mundane issues, let's say (in SimSig) a train's TT calls for it to enter at point A and proceed to station B where it waits at the platform for, say, 30 minutes (maybe changing its TD as well) before moving on and exiting at C. If it's on time and arrives at 8.00 AM, then I can expect a TRTS at 8.30 and set a route for it at, say, 8.29. But if it's running really late, say gets to B at 8.30, can I expect a TRTS at 9.00 (and create a sticky note to that effect) , or should I anticipate or even force an earlier departure? In other words, how is SimSig programmed to cope with scheduled stops in the face of delays? I haven't studied this closely; usually been too occupied trying to keep everything moving. Is there just one rule programmed into it to deal with responding to delays, or are there several different rules employed depending on the sim?

The second question is, is anything like PPM already built into SimSig? I haven't found much info about Performance Analysis, but would the Total minutes recovered by you work similarly? It would be interesting to know how this is calculated.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 22:48 #25759
jc92
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each station has a default minimum stop time, lets say between 30 secs and 2 mins, this is the minimum a train will stop there. this allows for station duties.

however if a late running postal train stops 20mins late, scheduled for a 10 min stop, the timetable writer might put a rule in preventing it leaving before. lets say 8 mins. this allows for longer stops, in this case to get mail and parcels transferred.

so in answer to your above question, the train might TRTS a couple of mins after arrival, in which case you can get him back on track.

"We don't stop camborne wednesdays"
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 23:03 #25762
maxand
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Ah thanks jc92, I didn't realize this could be covered by TT rules - explains why scheduled departures in late trains vary so much.
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 18/12/2011 at 23:09 #25763
jc92
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on newer sims, when a train is being held by a rule it will show this in its status on the F2 menu (the one time i really use this train list). i use it to replace "common sense" of a man who works the box everyday and knows what wont move before what etc.
"We don't stop camborne wednesdays"
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 19/12/2011 at 08:57 #25784
Didcot
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After Reading that post re regulating,I'm glad we didn't have to work to that rubbish years ago
when we worked the class 1,2,3 system of regulating,and as for holding early goods trains to booked time
especially on a Saturday was sure to create "rail rage " with the train men.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 19/12/2011 at 11:22 #25795
kbarber
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" said:
After Reading that post re regulating,I'm glad we didn't have to work to that rubbish years ago
when we worked the class 1,2,3 system of regulating,and as for holding early goods trains to booked time
especially on a Saturday was sure to create "rail rage " with the train men. :laugh:

Yep, that's what the privatisation-era (lack-of) "performance regime" has done to railway operating.

Some time ago I had the chance of a visit to Banbury South box one afternoon - this was before the Cherwell Valley resignalling. A down X-Country was due off Oxford. But what was described was the all-stations Padd - Leamington (or was it Brummagem?) Then the fast was described in after it. So the fast (top speed 100mph) crawled along behind the stopper (75mph), being stopped at the signal in rear of every station, getting later & later all the time. At Banbury, in spite of the down loop platform, the stopper was run down the main & sent off immediately, so the fast must have had to wait for at least 5min, perhaps more at Banbury North (or his IB)while the stopper cleared the next section. All this, of course, because it had been just a few minutes late at Oxford (and that, perhaps, because it had been even less minutes late at Reading but, out of path, others had been given priority).

What that meant was that:
passengers for stations to Banbury lost their connection at Oxford and had to wait an hour for the next;
the fast got later & later as it dragged its weary way to Banbury;
passengers from Banbury probably lost a connection at Leamington & had to wait an hour for the next;
the fast lost its path over the single line through Kenilworth and probably had to wait some considerable time until it could be got through to Coventry;
it lost its path over the very congested Coventry - Birmingham section & probably had to wait some time until a margin could be found for it;
it lost its platform at New Street and may well have had to wait outside until space could be found for it;
who knows what impact there was on the crew arrangements - drivers pushed over their maximum driving time etc;
crew being relieved late relieving their next working in turn;
etc, etc.

While a decision to hold the stopper back a couple of minutes would've avoided all of that.

Of course in the fragmented railway delaying the stopper would've meant someone (whoever was responsible for the fast being delayed down south on the Clockwork Railway) paying compensation to the TOC who worked the stopper, so m'learned friends have been paid a fortune to work out agreements that are given to the signalmen and regulators as rules that have to be obeyed to prevent such things happening. But in the unified railway someone would have realised instantly that in the real world passengers, crew and the smooth operation of the railway all benefitted more from everything running a couple of minutes late than from one train extremely late & getting later so another that acted as a feeder/distributor could be right time.

Now you know why I'm proud to be a dinosaur!

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 20/12/2011 at 07:35 #25853
Didcot
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An Incident related to me a long time ago.
ARS always On.
2 trains leave Paddington within minutes of each other ,the 1st one is a stopper to Reading,
the second was a Padd to Swansea HST first stop Bristol Parkway.
What happens ?the stopper is put down main first to be followed by the HST.
What Rubbish.!!!!

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 20/12/2011 at 08:46 #25857
Jsun
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" said:
" said:
After Reading that post re regulating,I'm glad we didn't have to work to that rubbish years ago
when we worked the class 1,2,3 system of regulating,and as for holding early goods trains to booked time
especially on a Saturday was sure to create "rail rage " with the train men. :laugh:

Yep, that's what the privatisation-era (lack-of) "performance regime" has done to railway operating.

Some time ago I had the chance of a visit to Banbury South box one afternoon - this was before the Cherwell Valley resignalling. A down X-Country was due off Oxford. But what was described was the all-stations Padd - Leamington (or was it Brummagem?) Then the fast was described in after it. So the fast (top speed 100mph) crawled along behind the stopper (75mph), being stopped at the signal in rear of every station, getting later & later all the time. At Banbury, in spite of the down loop platform, the stopper was run down the main & sent off immediately, so the fast must have had to wait for at least 5min, perhaps more at Banbury North (or his IB)while the stopper cleared the next section. All this, of course, because it had been just a few minutes late at Oxford (and that, perhaps, because it had been even less minutes late at Reading but, out of path, others had been given priority).

What that meant was that:
passengers for stations to Banbury lost their connection at Oxford and had to wait an hour for the next;
the fast got later & later as it dragged its weary way to Banbury;
passengers from Banbury probably lost a connection at Leamington & had to wait an hour for the next;
the fast lost its path over the single line through Kenilworth and probably had to wait some considerable time until it could be got through to Coventry;
it lost its path over the very congested Coventry - Birmingham section & probably had to wait some time until a margin could be found for it;
it lost its platform at New Street and may well have had to wait outside until space could be found for it;
who knows what impact there was on the crew arrangements - drivers pushed over their maximum driving time etc;
crew being relieved late relieving their next working in turn;
etc, etc.

While a decision to hold the stopper back a couple of minutes would've avoided all of that.

Of course in the fragmented railway delaying the stopper would've meant someone (whoever was responsible for the fast being delayed down south on the Clockwork Railway) paying compensation to the TOC who worked the stopper, so m'learned friends have been paid a fortune to work out agreements that are given to the signalmen and regulators as rules that have to be obeyed to prevent such things happening. But in the unified railway someone would have realised instantly that in the real world passengers, crew and the smooth operation of the railway all benefitted more from everything running a couple of minutes late than from one train extremely late & getting later so another that acted as a feeder/distributor could be right time.

Now you know why I'm proud to be a dinosaur!
That's pathetic.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 05:41 #25932
Hooverman
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I usually find which ever way I regulate, it's always the wrong way. On the Brighton main line we usually regulate (over taking moves) at East Croydon or Haywards Heath. Anywhere else will involve slow crossovers and a knock on effect with other trains.

Control like sending late running 1Cxx fast Earlswood to Three Bridges to overtake 2Cxx sometimes it's works most of the time it don't.

Most of the time the Brighton Main LIne is one huge conveyer belt and as it comes it goes. Even at Haywards Heath you can only hold a down stopping FCC service for so long before you have to get it on it's way. As most down stopping FCCs make the fast ones back and vice versa.

To adhere strictly to PPM at all regulating points would result in some late running trains not moving for ages on our patch. As happened at Windmill Bridge Junction one day this year, when control requested a very late running down FFC to be held until a suitable gap appeared to slot it into. After about 20+ mins control realised that no gap existed and that the FCC service should just run even if it delays other services.

The other one we had was when we were not allowed to deviate from policy. We had an on time Purley to Hoo Junction freight, followed by an on time down 2Cxx, and the down 1Cxx was about 7 late. Normally we would hold the others to get the 1Cxx passed, but as we were not allowed to use common sense at the time the 1Cxx had the follow the fright and the stopping down service down the Redhill/slow lines until Three Bridges, it was absolutely mullered. Needless to say there was a local rewriting of the the PPM policy with Southern & NR. not sure if the other TOCs/FOCs were invited.

Last edited: 21/12/2011 at 05:47 by Hooverman
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 12:54 #25966
GB
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" said:

Then, I mused, why do SimSig sims bother to display completely automated signals anyway? It would make for much smoother route setting, not to mention shorter routes, if we weren't continually interrupted by automated patches, and routes became unbroken white lines from beginning to end.
[/i]
I don't understand this. Why would you not want the automatic signal sections displayed?

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 13:58 #25969
GeoffM
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" said:
" said:

Then, I mused, why do SimSig sims bother to display completely automated signals anyway? It would make for much smoother route setting, not to mention shorter routes, if we weren't continually interrupted by automated patches, and routes became unbroken white lines from beginning to end.
[/i]
I don't understand this. Why would you not want the automatic signal sections displayed?
Not all countries show automatic signals - the US being one example I can think of. Different country, different standards.

SimSig Boss
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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 15:13 #25973
dmaze
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" said:
Not all countries show automatic signals - the US being one example I can think of. Different country, different standards.
The US is incredibly regional; where I've gotten the impression most of England at least runs on the same signal systems and core infrastructure, in the US things depend on which railroad initially built a line and who's running it today. Just taking a train from Boston to New York, the first 50 miles will have bidirectional 4-aspect color-light wayside signals; the next 100 miles or so will have color-light signals, but only at interlocking home signals, the intermediate automatics are replaced with cab signals; and the next 75 miles or so will be fully cab signalled with only "stop" or "proceed" aspects at interlocking home signals. I have no idea what these look like inside the dispatching centers; I'd expect the areas with busy commuter systems (MBTA from Boston to Providence; Metro-North from New York to Hartford) to actually care down to the block level.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 15:39 #25974
GeoffM
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" said:
" said:
Not all countries show automatic signals - the US being one example I can think of. Different country, different standards.
The US is incredibly regional; where I've gotten the impression most of England at least runs on the same signal systems and core infrastructure, in the US things depend on which railroad initially built a line and who's running it today. Just taking a train from Boston to New York, the first 50 miles will have bidirectional 4-aspect color-light wayside signals; the next 100 miles or so will have color-light signals, but only at interlocking home signals, the intermediate automatics are replaced with cab signals; and the next 75 miles or so will be fully cab signalled with only "stop" or "proceed" aspects at interlocking home signals. I have no idea what these look like inside the dispatching centers; I'd expect the areas with busy commuter systems (MBTA from Boston to Providence; Metro-North from New York to Hartford) to actually care down to the block level.
The reference was to what it looks like inside signalboxes (or dispatching centers). In the case of the US, I've been to BNSF's at Fort Worth which controls everything from busy 4 track commuter rail in Chicago to rural branch line, and also one of Norfolk Southern's which is perhaps more akin to UK railways. Neither showed intermediate automatic signals. Whether each individual track section or block was shown I don't know.

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Re: An opportunity for regulation awaits you 21/12/2011 at 19:03 #25996
kbarber
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" said:
" said:
" said:

Then, I mused, why do SimSig sims bother to display completely automated signals anyway? It would make for much smoother route setting, not to mention shorter routes, if we weren't continually interrupted by automated patches, and routes became unbroken white lines from beginning to end.
[/i]
I don't understand this. Why would you not want the automatic signal sections displayed?
Not all countries show automatic signals - the US being one example I can think of. Different country, different standards.

And different rules, which is why - in the UK - all signal sections are shown.

In the US (and in France, for certain, probably other European countries too), where a train is stopped at an automatic signal, it is permitted to proceed at caution after a stated interval without any other authority. In the UK it is a requirement to be authorised to pass the signal at danger; to do that safely it is a requirement that the controlling signaller can see the state of the section ahead of the train in order to give the correct authority in accordance with the rules.

Where older systems exist (Absolute Block, for instance, in UK terms) the only indications are those operated manually by the signalmen. Rules governing admission of a train into an occupied section are constructed accordingly (normally there is a requirement that the signalman receive positive information of any train known to be in the section before they can be implemented), but in that case there will be no automatic signals in the un-indicated section.

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